Rig Veda 1.175.1: Mandala 1, Sukta 175, Mantra 1

Sukta 1.175

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional attribution for RV 1.175 in the Vasiṣṭha-associated cluster; verify against śākhā-anukramaṇī for edition-specific certainty)

Devata: Indra (Soma-empowered Indra)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 1.175; confirm per padya count in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मत्स्यपायि ते महः पात्रस्येव हरिवो मत्सरो मदः । वृषा ते वृष्ण इन्दुर्वाजी सहस्रसातमः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.175.1

Transliteration

matsyapā́yi te máhaḥ pā́trasyeva harivo matsaró mádaḥ | vṛ́ṣā te vṛ́ṣṇa índur vājī sahasra-sā́tamaḥ ||

Translation

O Indra of the tawny steeds, the great exhilaration has been drunk by thee, as from a brimming vessel. For thee, the Bull, this pressing—strong and victorious—becomes the thousand-winning force, the Soma-impulse that multiplies power for the inner conquest.

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Word by Word

• मत्स्यपायि: fish-drinker (epithet; one who drinks like a fish / drinks fish-like)
• मत्स्यपायि: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Noun (compound) / Adjective (epithet)
• Root: मत्स्य- (प्रातिपदिक) + पा (धातु, पिबति) → पायि (कृदन्त/नामधातु-रूप)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of/for you’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• महः: of the great (one); great
• महः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the great’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पात्रस्य: of the vessel / cup
• पात्रस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पात्र- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: उपमान-निर्देशक
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (निपात)

• हरिवः: O Harivaḥ (Indra, having tawny horses)
• हरिवः: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: हरिवत्/हरिवस्- (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम् ‘having tawny steeds’)

• मत्सरः: exhilaration; excitement; intoxication
• मत्सरः: कर्तृ/भाव (as subject-noun in apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मत्सर- (प्रातिपदिक)

• मदः: rapture; intoxication (soma-joy)
• मदः: कर्तृ/भाव (appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृषा: the bull; the strong one
• वृषा: कर्तृ (subject/apposition to इन्दुः)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन्/वृषा- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्णः: of the bull; of the strong one
• वृष्णः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: ‘of the bull/strong one’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वृषन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्दुः: the Soma drop; Soma
• इन्दुः: कर्तृ (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्दु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजी: prize-winning; swift; bringing booty
• वाजी: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वाजिन्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहस्रसातमः: most winning of thousands; best at winning thousands
• सहस्रसातमः: विशेषण (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे)
• Type: Adjective (superlative)
• Root: सहस्र- + सातम (सात- ‘winning’ < √सन्/सा ‘to gain, win’ as prātipadika) (समास)