Rig Veda 1.152.2: Mandala 1, Sukta 152, Mantra 2

Sukta 1.152

Rishi: Māmateya (tradition associates RV 1.152 with the Māmata lineage; exact rishi-attribution may vary by Anukramaṇī recensions)

Devata: Mitra–Varuṇa (dyad of harmony and vast-order; invoked as powers of Truth and cosmic law)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for this section; RV 1.152 is predominantly Triṣṭubh)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एतच्चन त्वो वि चिकेतदेषां सत्यो मन्त्रः कविशस्त ऋघावान् । त्रिरश्रिं हन्ति चतुरश्रिरुग्रो देवनिदो ह प्रथमा अजूर्यन् ॥

Transliteration

etác caná tvó ví ciketad eṣā́ṃ satyó mántraḥ kaviśastá ṛ́ghāvān | trír-aśriṃ hánti catúr-aśrir ugró devánido há prathamā́ ajūryan ||

Translation

This indeed—may you discern it clearly: among these, the true mantra, praised by the seer and impelled by the straight-moving force, becomes the fierce four-edged power that strikes down the three-edged; and the first god-deniers are shattered and do not endure.

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Word by Word

• एतत्: this (thing)
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• त्वः: of you / your
• त्वः: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, distinctly
• वि: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: वि

• चिकेतत्: let (him) perceive/understand
• चिकेतत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चित् (चेतति/चिकेत) ‘to perceive, notice, understand’

• एषाम्: of these (persons/things)
• एषाम्: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सत्यः: true
• सत्यः: Kartā (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• मन्त्रः: hymn / sacred formulation
• मन्त्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• कविशत्: like a seer; seer-wise
• कविशत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक) + शस्/शत् (क्रियाविशेषणीय-प्रत्यय; ‘in the manner of’)

• ऋघावान्: vigorous/strong (in chant)
• ऋघावान्: Kartā (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋघावन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having ṛghā/ṛk-strength, vigorous in hymn/chant’)

• त्रिः: thrice
• त्रिः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिस्

• अश्रिम्: the three-edged (one) / tri-cornered (foe)
• अश्रिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्रि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘edge/corner; sharp point’)

• हन्ति: he strikes / slays
• हन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् ‘to strike, slay’

• चतुरश्रिः: the four-edged (one)
• चतुरश्रिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: चतुर् + अश्रि (प्रातिपदिक समास; ‘four-edged’)

• उग्रः: fierce
• उग्रः: Kartā (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• देवनिदः: god-revilers
• देवनिदः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव + निद् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘reviler/denier of the gods’)

• ह: indeed
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• प्रथमाः: the first / foremost
• प्रथमाः: Kartā (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजूर्यन्: they did not age / did not weaken
• अजूर्यन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जुर्/√जॄ ‘to grow old, wear out’ (नकारार्थे अ- उपसर्ग/निषेध)