Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 92, Shloka 4

भरद्वाजाश्रमात् चित्रकूटमार्गनिर्देशः

Directions from Bharadvaja’s Hermitage to Chitrakuta

Devanagari script

तमुवाचाञ्जलिं कृत्वा भरतोऽभिप्रणम्य च। आश्रमादभिनिष्क्रान्तमृषिमुत्तमतेजसम्।।2.92.4।।

Transliteration

tam uvāca añjaliṃ kṛtvā bharato 'bhipraṇamya ca | āśramād abhiniṣkrāntam ṛṣim uttama-tejasam || 2.92.4 ||

Translation

With palms joined, Bharata bowed respectfully and addressed the sage of surpassing radiance as he came forth from the hermitage.

Word by Word

• tam: to him
• tam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु: वच्)
• Form: Verb; Lakāra: Liṭ (लिट्, perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Singular; Parasmaipada

• añjalim: joined palms
• añjalim: Karma (कर्म/Object of kṛtvā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• kṛtvā: having made
• kṛtvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: √kṛ (धातु: कृ) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), avyaya; 'having done/made'

• bharataḥ: Bharata
• bharataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• abhipraṇamya: having saluted
• abhipraṇamya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: abhi-pra-√nam (धातु: नम्) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यपन्त), avyaya; 'having bowed/saluted'

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction

• āśramāt: from the hermitage
• āśramāt: Apādāna (अपादान/source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āśrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular

• abhiniṣkrāntam: who had come out/emerged
• abhiniṣkrāntam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhi-nis-√kram (धातु: क्रम्) + kta → abhiniṣkrānta (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past participle (कर्मणि क्त), Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies ṛṣim

• ṛṣim: the sage
• ṛṣim: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• uttama-tejasam: of excellent splendor
• uttama-tejasam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttama (प्रातिपदिक) + tejas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय: uttamaṃ tejaḥ yasya); Masculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies ṛṣim

Context

Different groups of people intending to depart harnessed excellent horse-chariots decorated with gold.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Bharadvāja
• āśrama (hermitage)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is expressed as reverence toward a sage and adherence to proper conduct (śiṣṭācāra): humility, respectful speech, and honoring spiritual authority.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata meets Bharadvāja at the hermitage and begins speaking after offering formal salutations.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s humility and respect for righteousness-bearing elders (sages) are emphasized.