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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 83, Shloka 19

अयोध्याकाण्डे त्र्यशीति तमः सर्गः — Bharata’s Departure and Encampment on the Gaṅgā

Śṛṅgīberapura

ते गत्वा दूरमध्वानं रथयानाश्वकुञ्जरैः।समासेदुस्ततो गङ्गां शृङ्गीबेरपुरं प्रति।।2.83.19।।यत्र रामसखो वीरो गुहो ज्ञातिगणैर्वृतः।निवसत्यप्रमादेन देशं तं परिपालयन्।।2.83.20।।

te gatvā dūram adhvānaṃ rathayānāśvakuñjaraiḥ |

samāsedus tato gaṅgāṃ śṛṅgīberapuraṃ prati || 2.83.19 ||

yatra rāmasakho vīro guho jñātigaṇair vṛtaḥ |

nivasaty apramādena deśaṃ taṃ paripālayan || 2.83.20 ||

After travelling a long stretch by chariots, carriages, horses, and elephants, they reached the Gaṅgā on the way to Śṛṅgīberapura, where the valiant Guha—Rāma’s friend—lived surrounded by his kinsmen, vigilantly protecting that land.

nirīkṣyahaving observed
nirīkṣya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया/Gerundial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnir-√īkṣ (धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय with -ya form), avyaya; 'having looked at/observed'
anugatāmthat had followed
anugatām:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootanu-√gam (धातु) > anugata (क्त-कृदन्त)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; Kta-PPP qualifying 'senām': 'followed/that had followed'
senāmarmy
senām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootsenā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana
tāmthat
tām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypePronoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; refers to 'senām'
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक) 'and'
gaṅgāmthe Ganga
gaṅgām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootgaṅgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana
śiva-udakāmwith sacred waters
śiva-udakām:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootśiva (प्रातिपदिक) + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Ekavacana; Karmadhāraya 'śivam udakam yasyāḥ' = having auspicious/sacred water; qualifies 'gaṅgām'
bharataḥBharata
bharataḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana
sacivānministers
sacivān:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootsaciva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Bahuvacana
sarvānall
sarvān:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (Acc/2nd), Bahuvacana; qualifies 'sacivān'
abravītsaid
abravīt:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√brū (धातु)
FormLaṅ-lakāra (Imperfect/Past, लङ्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
vākya-kovidaḥskilled in speech
vākya-kovidaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक) + kovida (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nom/1st), Ekavacana; Tatpuruṣa 'vākye kovidaḥ' = skilled in speech; epithet of Bharata

After travelling a long distance on chariots, carriages, horses and elephants, they reached the river Ganga close to Srngiberapura, a country ruled vigilantly by Rama's friend, the valiant Guha who lived there along with his relatives.

B
Bharata
G
Gaṅgā
Ś
Śṛṅgīberapura
G
Guha
R
Rāma

FAQs

Dharma is expressed as vigilant protection of one’s domain and faithful friendship: Guha safeguards his territory with care, and his identity as Rāma’s friend signals loyalty grounded in righteous alliance.

Bharata’s party completes a long journey and reaches the Gaṅgā near Śṛṅgīberapura, the area associated with Guha, who is connected to Rāma.

Guha’s apramāda (vigilance) and steadfast loyalty, representing responsible leadership and trustworthy friendship.