Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 41

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

मद्ये प्रसक्तो भवतु स्त्रीष्वक्षेषु च नित्यशः।कामक्रोधाभिभूतस्तु यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

madye prasakto bhavatu strīṣv akṣeṣu ca nityaśaḥ | kāma-krodhābhibhūtas tu yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

May the man by whose consent my noble brother was sent into exile become ever addicted to drink, women, and gambling—and be overpowered by desire and anger.

Word by Word

• madye: in wine
• madye: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• prasaktaḥ: addicted
• prasaktaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra+sañj (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); 'attached/addicted'

• bhavatu: let him be
• bhavatu: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (लोट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपदम)

• strīṣu: among women
• strīṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: strī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• akṣeṣu: in dice (gambling)
• akṣeṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: akṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); 'dice'

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चयः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)

• nityaśaḥ: always
• nityaśaḥ: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nityaśaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• kāma-krodha-abhibhūtaḥ: overcome by lust and anger
• kāma-krodha-abhibhūtaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक) + krodha (प्रातिपदिक) + abhibhūta (कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: 'overpowered by desire and anger' (dvandva inside: kāma+krodha)

• tu: indeed/but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपातः), contrast/emphasis

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• āryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• anumate: with approval
• anumate: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu+man (धातु)
• Form: Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन) of 'anumata' (कृत्: क्त) used adverbially: 'with consent'

• gataḥ: gone (exiled)
• gataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother be always addicted to wine, women and gambling and be swayed by desire and anger!

Characters & Entities

• Rama (āryaḥ—noble brother, implied)
• Bharata (speaker, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames addiction and uncontrolled desire/anger as signs of adharma; it implies that those who enable injustice (Rama’s exile) merit moral downfall.

What is the narrative situation?

In Ayodhya’s crisis after Rama’s exile, Bharata laments and denounces the one responsible (by consent) for sending Rama away.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s loyalty to Rama and his intense commitment to righteousness, even as his grief erupts into condemnation.