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Valmiki Ramayana 2.71.1: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 71, Shloka 1

भरतस्य अयोध्याप्रत्यागमनम्

Bharata’s Return Journey and the Distant Sight of Ayodhya



स प्राङ्मुखो राजगृहादभिनिर्याय राघवः।

ततस्सुदामां द्युतिमान् सन्तीर्यावेक्ष्य तां नदीम्।।2.71.1।।

ह्लादिनीं दूरपारां च प्रत्यक्स्रोतस्तरङ्गिणीम्।

शतद्रूमतरच्छ्रीमान्नदीमिक्ष्वाकुनन्दनः।।2.71.2।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.71.1

sa prāṅmukho rājagṛhād abhiniryāya rāghavaḥ |

tataḥ sudāmāṃ dyutimān santīryāvekṣya tāṃ nadīm ||2.72.1||

hlādinīṃ dūrapārāṃ ca pratyaksrotastaraṅgiṇīm |

śatadrūm atarat śrīmān nadīm ikṣvākunandanaḥ ||2.72.2||

“The radiant scion of Raghu set out from Rājagṛha facing east; then, after viewing the river Sudāmā, he crossed it, and also crossed the broad Hlādinī with its far shore, and the splendid Śatadrū, wave-crested and flowing westward.”

सःhe (that person)
सः:
कर्ता (agent)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., nominative, singular); सर्वनाम
प्राङ्मुखःfacing east
प्राङ्मुखः:
कर्तृ-विशेषणम् (qualifier of agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राङ् + मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., nominative, singular); समासः: प्राङ् (पूर्व-दिक्) + मुखः (मुख-शब्दः) = प्राङ्मुखः
राजगृहात्from the royal residence (Rajagriha)
राजगृहात्:
अपादानम् (source/point of departure)
TypeNoun
Rootराजगृह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neut., ablative, singular); समासः: राज्ञः गृहं = राजगृहम्
अभिनिर्यायhaving set out / having gone forth
अभिनिर्याय:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (prior action to main verb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभि-नि-√या (धातु) → अभिनिर्याय (क्त्वान्त-अव्ययभावः)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तम् अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive); धातुः: √या (गत्यर्थः), उपसर्गाः: अभि-, नि-
राघवःRaghava (descendant of Raghu)
राघवः:
कर्ता (agent) / कर्तृ-सम्बोधन-भावः (apposition to सः)
TypeNoun
Rootराघव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., nominative, singular); व्यक्तिवाचक-नाम
ततःthen / thereafter
ततः:
क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverbial modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्ययम्; प्रकारः: क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverb of sequence/place)
सुदामाम्Sudāmā (river Sudama)
सुदामाम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootसुदामा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (fem., accusative, singular); नदी-नाम (proper name of a river)
द्युतिमान्glorious, radiant
द्युतिमान्:
कर्तृ-विशेषणम् (qualifier of agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्युतिमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., nominative, singular); मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त (possessive adjective)
सन्तीर्यhaving crossed
सन्तीर्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (prior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्-√तॄ (धातु) → सन्तीर्य (क्त्वान्त-अव्ययभावः)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तम् अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive); धातुः: √तॄ (तरणे), उपसर्गः: सम्-
आवेक्ष्यhaving seen / having looked at
आवेक्ष्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (prior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ-√ईक्ष् (धातु) → आवेक्ष्य (क्त्वान्त-अव्ययभावः)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तम् अव्ययम् (gerund/absolutive); धातुः: √ईक्ष् (दर्शने), उपसर्गः: आ-
ताम्that (feminine)
ताम्:
कर्म (object; determiner of नदीम्)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (fem., accusative, singular); सर्वनाम
नदीम्river
नदीम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootनदी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (fem., accusative, singular)

Glorious and prosperous prince Bharata, the delight of the Ikshvaku race, set out from Rajagriha, took the eastern direction, and observing the course of the river Sudama crossed Hladini and Satadru rivers which were very wide and flowing westwards crested with waves.

B
Bharata
R
Rājagṛha
S
Sudāmā (river)
H
Hlādinī (river)
Ś
Śatadrū (river)

FAQs

Dharma is shown as promptness in duty: Bharata’s movement toward Ayodhya signals responsibility to family and kingdom, placing obligation above ease.

Bharata departs from Rājagṛha and proceeds eastward, crossing successive rivers on the route back toward Ayodhya.

Diligence and resolve—Bharata advances steadily across difficult terrain, reflecting steadfast commitment to rightful conduct.

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