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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 16

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

तैलद्रोण्यां तु सचिवैश्शायितं तं नराधिपम्।हा मृतोऽयमिति ज्ञात्वा स्त्रियस्ताः पर्यदेवयन्।।।।

tailadroṇyāṃ tu sacivaiḥ śāyitaṃ taṃ narādhipam |

hā mṛto ’yam iti jñātvā striyas tāḥ paryadevayan ||

Seeing the lord of men laid in the oil-vat by the ministers, the women, realizing, “Alas, he is dead,” cried out in lamentation.

तैलद्रोण्याम्in the oil-vat
तैलद्रोण्याम्:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootतैल+द्रोणी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Discourse connector (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनिपात; विरोध/विशेषार्थक
सचिवैःby the ministers
सचिवैः:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootसचिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
शायितम्made to lie/laid down
शायितम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object; qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootशि (धातु)
Formणिच्-प्रेरण (causative) + क्त (PPP); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (of तम् नराधिपम्)
तम्that
तम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
नराधिपम्the king
नराधिपम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootनर+अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (lord of men)
हाalas
हा:
Exclamation (उद्गार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formविस्मय/शोकसूचक-निपात (interjection)
मृतःdead
मृतः:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृ (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective of अयम्)
अयम्this (man)
अयम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of implied ‘asti’)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
इतिthus
इति:
Quotation marker (इति)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; पूर्वक्रिया (having known)
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
ताःthose
ताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; determiner)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
पर्यदेवयन्lamented/cried
पर्यदेवयन्:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+देव् (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

On seeing the king's body laid in the oil vat by the counsellors, the women cried Alas, the king is dead.

D
Daśaratha
M
ministers (sacivāḥ)

FAQs

The verse underscores the dharmic realism of anitya (impermanence): even a king is subject to death, and society must respond through both human grief and orderly rites.

The women of the palace see Daśaratha’s body preserved in an oil-vat and break into collective mourning.

Sincere devotion and loyalty to the king, expressed as communal mourning rather than indifference.