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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 51, Shloka 17

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकपञ्चाशः सर्गः — Guha’s Vigil and Lakṣmaṇa’s Lament

Night on the riverbank

कथं पुत्रं महात्मानं ज्येष्ठं प्रियमपश्यतः।शरीरं धारयिष्यन्ति प्राणा राज्ञो महात्मनः।।।।

kathaṃ putraṃ mahātmānaṃ jyeṣṭhaṃ priyam apaśyataḥ | śarīraṃ dhārayiṣyanti prāṇā rājño mahātmanaḥ ||

How will the life-breaths of that noble king sustain his body, when he cannot behold his great-souled, beloved eldest son?

kathamhow?
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नवाचक अव्यय (interrogative adverb)
putramson
putram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
mahātmānamgreat-souled
mahātmānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; qualifies putram
jyeṣṭhameldest
jyeṣṭham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootjyeṣṭha (प्रातिपदik)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; qualifies putram
priyambeloved
priyam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootpriya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; qualifies putram
apaśyataḥof (him) not seeing
apaśyataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeVerb
Roota-√paś (धातु)
Formशतृ (Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; ‘of (the king) not seeing’
śarīrambody
śarīram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśarīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
dhārayiṣyantiwill sustain/hold
dhārayiṣyanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dhṛ (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन
prāṇāḥvital breaths/life
prāṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
rājñaḥof the king
rājñaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन
mahātmanaḥof the great-souled
mahātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; qualifies rājñaḥ

Subsequent to the death of the king, Kausalya will die and my mother will follow her.

D
Daśaratha
R
Rāma

FAQs

Filial duty and the dharmic bond between father and son: separation caused by unjust circumstances can become a moral and emotional catastrophe.

The speaker fears that Daśaratha may not survive the anguish of being deprived of Rāma’s presence.

Empathy and gratitude—recognizing the father’s love and the cost of political wrongdoing.