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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 48

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

रामस्य स वचः कुर्वन्ननुज्ञाप्य च तं जनम्।व्रजतोऽपि हयान् शीघ्रं चोदयामास सारथिः।।।।

rāmasya sa vacaḥ kurvann anujñāpya ca taṃ janam |

vrajato 'pi hayān śīghraṃ codayāmāsa sārathiḥ ||

Obeying Rāma’s words, and taking leave of those people, the charioteer urged the horses to greater speed, even as they were already moving swiftly.

रामस्यof Rama
रामस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
सःhe (the charioteer)
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
वचःword/command
वचः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म
कुर्वन्doing/obeying
कुर्वन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘doing’ = obeying
अनुज्ञाप्यhaving taken leave
अनुज्ञाप्य:
Kriya (क्रिया-पूर्वक)
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + ज्ञा (धातु)
Formल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त (absolutive/gerund), ‘having taken leave/asked permission’
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
तम्that
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of janam)
जनम्the people/crowd
जनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
व्रजतःwhile going
व्रजतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘while (he) was going’
अपिeven
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (even/also)
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootहय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
शीघ्रम्quickly
शीघ्रम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशीघ्रम् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय
चोदयामासurged/drove on
चोदयामास:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootचुद् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative sense ‘made (them) move’
सारथिःthe charioteer
सारथिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Obeying the command of Rama and after taking leave of the people, Sumantra hastened the horses although they were galloping.

R
Rāma
S
Sumantra
P
people of Ayodhyā
H
horses

FAQs

Dharma as faithful service (sevā) and disciplined obedience: Sumantra follows the rightful directive meant to reduce suffering and fulfill the course of events.

After acknowledging the gathered people, Sumantra accelerates the chariot in accordance with Rāma’s instruction.

Loyalty and duty-consciousness in service—Sumantra acts decisively despite the emotional turmoil around him.