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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 12, Shloka 51

द्वादशः सर्गः — Kaikeyi’s Boons and Dasaratha’s Moral Collapse

Ayodhya Kanda 12

श्रुत्वा तु राजा कैकेय्या वृतं परमशोभनम्।रामस्य च वने वासमैश्वर्यं भरतस्य च।।।।नाभ्यभाषत कैकेयीं मुहूर्तं व्याकुलेन्द्रियः।

śrutvā tu rājā kaikeyyā vṛtaṃ paramaśobhanam |

rāmasya ca vane vāsaṃ aiśvaryaṃ bharatasya ca ||

nābhyabhāṣata kaikeyīṃ muhūrtaṃ vyākulendriyaḥ ||

Hearing Kaikeyī’s utterly inauspicious demand—Rama’s dwelling in the forest and sovereignty for Bharata—the king, his senses thrown into turmoil, could not speak to her for a while.

śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśru (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive): 'having heard'
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-निपात (but/indeed)
rājāthe king
rājā:
Kartā (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
kaikeyyāby Kaikeyi
kaikeyyā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
vṛtamasked for
vṛtam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootvṛ (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formक्त-कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'asked/solicited'
parama-śobhanammost inauspicious
parama-śobhanam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootparama (प्रातिपदिक) + a-śobhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (intensifying descriptive: 'very inauspicious'); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; vṛtam qualifies
rāmasyaof Rama
rāmasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (and)
vanein the forest
vane:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन
vāsamdwelling/exile
vāsam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
aiśvaryamsovereignty/kingdom
aiśvaryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootaiśvarya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
bharatasyaof Bharata
bharatasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbharata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (and)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (not)
abhyabhāṣataspoke (to)
abhyabhāṣata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootabhi-bhāṣ (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect/past narrative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
kaikeyīmKaikeyi
kaikeyīm:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkaikeyī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
muhūrtamfor a moment
muhūrtam:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmuhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कालद्वितीया: accusative of duration), एकवचन
vyākula-indriyaḥwith agitated senses
vyākula-indriyaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvyākula (प्रातिपदिक) + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास ('one whose senses are agitated'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; rājā qualifies

Having heard of the highly unfair demands by Kaikeyi for Rama's exile to the forest and Bharata's prosperity (enthronement), the king was dumbstruck for a while with his senses agitated. He did not speak to Kaikeyi.

D
Daśaratha
K
Kaikeyī
R
Rāma
B
Bharata
F
forest (vana)

FAQs

The verse foregrounds the ethical crisis of rulership: dharma requires steadiness and truth, yet unjust demands can paralyze moral agency and speech, revealing the tension between promise-keeping and justice.

Kaikeyī explicitly demands Rama’s exile and Bharata’s enthronement; Daśaratha is stunned into silence.

Daśaratha’s gravity and moral sensitivity—his immediate speechlessness reflects the seriousness with which he grasps the unrighteousness and consequences of the demand.

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