Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 82, Shloka 19

Adhyaya 82 — The Rise of Mahishasura and the Manifestation of the Goddess from the Gods’ Tejas

Sanskrit

ततो देवा ददुस्तस्यै स्वानि स्वान्यायुधानि च ।

ऊचुर्जयजयेत्युच्चैर्जयन्तीं ते जयैषिणः ॥

Transliteration

tato devā dadus tasyai svāni svāny āyudhāni ca |

ūcur jaya-jayety uccair jayantīṃ te jayaiṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

Then the gods gave her their own respective weapons. Seeking victory, they loudly cried to her as she stood triumphant, “Victory! Victory!”

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: देश-कालाधिकरण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• देवाः: the gods
• देवाः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन

• ददुः: gave
• ददुः: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘gave’

• तस्यै: to her
• तस्यै: सम्प्रदान (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative), एकवचन; ‘to her’

• स्वानि: their own
• स्वानि: विशेषण (Adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन; ‘their own’ (qualifies āyudhāni)

• स्वानि: (each) their own
• स्वानि: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन; पुनरुक्ति-बल (emphatic repetition)

• आयुधानि: weapons
• आयुधानि: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन; ‘weapons’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• ऊचुः: said
• ऊचुः: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘said’

• जय: victory!
• जय: सम्बोधन/उद्गार (Exclamation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जि (धातु) / जय (प्रातिपदिक as interjection)
• Form: उद्गार/आशीर्वाद-निपात (interjection)

• जय: victory!
• जय: उद्गार
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: जि (धातु) / जय (उद्गार)
• Form: उद्गार (interjection), पुनरुक्ति

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरण (Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उद्धरण-चिह्नक अव्यय (quotative particle)

• उच्चैः: aloud
• उच्चैः: क्रिया-विशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उच्चैः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) ‘aloud/loudly’

• जयन्तीम्: the Victorious Lady
• जयन्तीम्: कर्म (Object of speech/उक्तकर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयन्ती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘the victorious one’ (epithet of the goddess)

• ते: they
• ते: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘they’ (the gods)

• जयैषिणः: seeking victory
• जयैषिणः: विशेषण (Adjective to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जय-एषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः ‘जयम् एषन्ति’ (desiderative sense: seeking victory); qualifies ‘te’

Speakers

• Devi Mahatmyam narrator (within Markandeya Purana’s frame narration)

Primary Deities

• Devī (Jayantī/Mahādevī)
• Devas (collective)

Shakti Aspects

• Devī as Jayantī (Victorious One; epithet implied by jayantīm)

Key Themes

• Shaktism
• Devotional acclaim (stuti impulse)
• Divine empowerment
• Sacred warfare

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The gods surrender their instruments to the Devi, implying that individual powers become effective when consecrated to a higher dharmic purpose; victory is not egoic possession but alignment with the cosmic good.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Narrative of divine action (carita) supporting dharma; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa in this micro-unit.

What is the esoteric significance?

Weapons represent specialized faculties (discernment, restraint, force, protection). Their ‘handover’ symbolizes inner integration where scattered capacities are unified under awakened śakti.