Shloka 5

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।

ततः सा चपलां दृष्टिं देवी चक्रे भयाकुला ।

विलोलितदृशं दृष्ट्वा पुनराह च तां रविः ॥

Transliteration

mārkaṇḍeya uvāca tataḥ sā capalāṃ dṛṣṭiṃ devī cakre bhayākulā / vilolitadṛśaṃ dṛṣṭvā punarāha ca tāṃ raviḥ

Translation

Mārkaṇḍeya said: Then the goddess (Saṃjñā), shaken with fear, made her gaze unsteady. Seeing her eyes wavering, Ravi (the Sun) spoke to her again.

Word by Word

• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Mārkaṇḍeya
• mārkaṇḍeyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vac (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) of sequence

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun (तद्), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• capalām: restless
• capalām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: capala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'dṛṣṭim'

• dṛṣṭim: gaze, look
• dṛṣṭim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dṛṣṭi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• devī: the goddess
• devī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); apposition to 'sā'

• cakre: made
• cakre: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhayākulā: agitated with fear
• bhayākulā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक) + ākula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तृतीया/षष्ठी-भाव: 'bhayena ākulā' / 'bhayasya ākulā'); Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'devī'

• vilolita-dṛśam: one with rolling eyes
• vilolita-dṛśam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vilolita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + dṛś (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (विशेषण-विशेष्य: 'vilolitā dṛk yasya'); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies implied person (raviṃ)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dṛś (धातु) + ktvā (क्त्वा)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)

• punar: again
• punar: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punar (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• āha: said
• āha: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ah (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• tām: to her
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Demonstrative pronoun (तद्), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• raviḥ: the Sun (Ravi)
• raviḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ravi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya narrating; Sūrya (Ravi) about to speak to Saṃjñā

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya (Ravi)
• Saṃjñā

Key Themes

• Narrative frame
• Fear before divine radiance
• Cause for naming/offspring
• Tejas and endurance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The episode portrays tejas as morally and psychologically weighty: proximity to overwhelming power can produce fear and instability, which then shapes consequential outcomes.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita (accounts connected to lineages) and ancillary narrative used to explain later cosmic offices (Yama) and sacred geography (Yamunā).

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘wavering gaze’ indicates a mind unable to remain fixed (ekāgratā) under intense tejas; it foreshadows manifestation of a ‘vilolā’ (restless) river—outer nature mirroring inner movement.