Shloka 2

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

मनुं प्रख्यातयशसमनेकज्ञानपारगम् ।

विवस्वतः सुतो यस्मात्तस्माद्वैवस्वतस्तु सः ॥

Transliteration

manuṃ prakhyātayaśasam anekajñānapāragam / vivasvataḥ suto yasmāt tasmād vaivasvatas tu saḥ

Translation

That Manu, renowned in fame and having crossed to the far shore of many kinds of knowledge—since he was the son of Vivasvān, therefore he is called Vaivasvata.

Word by Word

• मनुम्: Manu
• मनुम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case/Accusative), एकवचन

• प्रख्यात-यशसम्-अनेक-ज्ञान-पारगम्: of famed renown, master of many knowledges
• प्रख्यात-यशसम्-अनेक-ज्ञान-पारगम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रख्यात (कृदन्त; √ख्यात past participle) + यशस् (प्रातिपदिक) + अनेक (प्रातिपदिक) + ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + पारग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case/Accusative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘प्रख्यातं यशो यस्य’ + ‘अनेकज्ञानस्य पारगः’ (one who has famed glory and has mastered many knowledges)

• विवस्वतः: of Vivasvat (the Sun)
• विवस्वतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case/Genitive), एकवचन

• सुतः: son
• सुतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

• यस्मात्: from whom/since
• यस्मात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th case/Ablative), एकवचन

• तस्मात्: therefore/from that (reason)
• तस्मात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th case/Ablative), एकवचन

• वैवस्वतः: Vaivasvata
• वैवस्वतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैवस्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; नाम (epithet)

• तु: indeed, but
• तु: Sambandha/Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (विरोध/अवधारण particle)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (continuing narration)

Primary Deities

• Vaivasvata Manu
• Vivasvān (Sūrya)

Key Themes

• Genealogy
• Etymology (patronymic naming)
• Cosmology
• Authority through knowledge

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Legitimate leadership is paired with learning: Manu is portrayed not only as well-born but also as profoundly knowledgeable, implying governance should be grounded in wisdom.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita: patronymic identification and the characterization of a key ancestor (Manu).

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Son of the Sun’ conveys that dharma (Manu) emerges from illumination—clarity, discernment, and the life-giving order symbolized by Sūrya.