Adhyaya 35 — Madālasa’s Instruction on Purity, Impurity, and Corrective Rites (Śauca and Aśauca)
उपवासस् त्रिरात्रन्तु दुष्टभक्ताशिनो भवेत् ।
अज्ञाते ज्ञानपूर्वन्तु तद्दोषोपशमेन तु ॥
upavāsas trirātraṃ tu duṣṭa-bhaktāśino bhavet | ajñāte jñāna-pūrvaṃ tu tad-doṣopaśamena tu ||
For one who has eaten tainted food, a fast of three nights is prescribed. If it was done unknowingly, purification is achieved accordingly; but if it was done knowingly, that fault should be pacified and removed through appropriate expiation.
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Moral weight depends on intention and awareness: the same act has different consequences and remedies when done unknowingly versus knowingly, reflecting a nuanced ethics of culpability.
Ācāra/dharma instruction.
The three-night fast can be read as resetting the ‘inner fire’ (agni) and re-establishing mastery over desire; knowingly eating impurity symbolizes deliberate indulgence requiring deeper correction.