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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 29, Shloka 13

Adhyaya 29 — Alarka’s Inquiry and Madalasa’s Teaching on Householder Dharma (Gārhasthya), Vaiśvadeva, and Atithi Hospitality

Sanskrit

यश्चेमां मानवो धेनुं स्वैर्वत्सैरमरादिभिः ।

पाययत्युचिते काले स स्वर्गायोपपद्यते ॥

Transliteration

yaś cemāṃ mānavo dhenuṃ svair vatsair amarādibhiḥ | pāyayaty ucite kāle sa svargāyopapadyate ||

Translation

“And the man who, at the proper time, causes this cow to be suckled by her own calves—beginning with the immortals (the gods)—attains heaven.”

Word by Word
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); सम्बन्धबोधक (relative pronoun)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
imāmthis
imām:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
mānavaḥa man
mānavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmānava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
dhenumthe cow
dhenum:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootdhenu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
svaiḥwith his own
svaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeAdjective
Rootsva (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)
vatsaiḥcalves
vatsaiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvatsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural)
amara-ādibhiḥwith (calves) such as the immortals, etc.
amara-ādibhiḥ:
Karana (करण/Instrument; with vatsaiḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootamara (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (Plural); ‘आदि’ = ‘and the rest’; तत्पुरुष: ‘अमराः आदयः येषां ते’ (elliptic group sense)
pāyayaticauses to drink, feeds
pāyayati:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpāyaya (णिजन्त, causative of √pā)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); णिजन्त (causative) of √पा (to drink) = ‘to cause to drink’
uciteproper, appropriate
ucite:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of kāle)
TypeAdjective
Rootucita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Masculine/Neuter), सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); भूतकृदन्त (past participle) from √uc (to be fitting) used adjectivally
kāleat the time
kāle:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Time-location)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; correlative)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
svargāyato heaven
svargāya:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Goal; dative of purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootsvarga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), चतुर्थी (Dative/4th), एकवचन (Singular)
upapadyateattains, is born into
upapadyate:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootupa + √pad (धाातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद (Atmanepada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
Speakers
Instructional dialogue (elder to disciple/‘son’)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities
Devas (Amaras)
Key Themes
DharmaMerit (puṇya)Timeliness in ritualHeaven (svarga) as karmic fruit

FAQs

Ritual is framed as ethical stewardship: giving each being its due at the right time creates harmony and yields auspicious karmic results.

Dharma and karmaphala teaching; instructive material typical of Purāṇas’ social-ritual guidance.

‘Proper time’ implies alignment with ṛta (cosmic order): when action synchronizes with order, the practitioner’s path rises (symbolized by ‘svarga’).

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