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Shloka 10

सो<यं मृत्युवशं यात: कथं जिष्णुर्महाबल: । अयं ममाशां संहत्य शेते भूमौ धनंजय:,धर्मपुत्रो महाबाहुर्विललाप सुविस्तरम्‌ । अर्जुन मरे पड़े थे; उनके धनुष-बाण इधर-उधर बिखरे थे। भीमसेन और नकुल-सहदेव भी प्राणरहित हो निश्रेष्ट हो गये थे। इन सबको देखकर युधिष्ठिर गरम-गरम लंबी साँसें खींचने लगे। उनके नेत्रोंसे शोकके आँसू उमड़कर उन्हें भिगो रहे थे। अपने समस्त भ्राताओंको इस प्रकार धराशायी हुए देख महाबाह धर्मपुत्र युधिष्ठिर गहरी चिन्तामें डूब गये और देरतक विलाप करते रहे--

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | so 'yaṃ mṛtyuvaśaṃ yātaḥ kathaṃ jiṣṇur mahābalaḥ | ayaṃ mamāśāṃ saṃhatya śete bhūmau dhanaṃjayaḥ | dharmaputro mahābāhur vilalāpa suvistaram ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana said: “How has this mighty Jiṣṇu (Arjuna) come under the dominion of death? Here lies Dhanaṃjaya on the ground, as though he has struck down my very hope.” Seeing this, the strong-armed Dharmaputra (Yudhiṣṭhira) lamented at length—his grief rising from the shock that even the most valiant can fall, and from the ethical burden of witnessing the collapse of one’s refuge and duty-bound companions.

सःhe/that one
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मृत्युवशम्under the power of death
मृत्युवशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु-वश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यातःgone/come (to)
यातः:
TypeVerb
Rootया
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
जिष्णुःJishnu (Arjuna), the victorious one
जिष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजिष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाबलःmighty-strong
महाबलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ममof me / my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
आशाम्hope
आशाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
संहत्यhaving destroyed / having struck down
संहत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-हन्
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्यय (absolutive/gerund)
शेतेlies (down)
शेते:
TypeVerb
Rootशी
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
भूमौon the ground
भूमौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
धनंजयःDhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मपुत्रःDharma’s son (Yudhishthira)
धर्मपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाबाहुःmighty-armed
महाबाहुः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विललापlamented
विललाप:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-लप्
FormLit (perfect), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
सुविस्तरम्at great length / extensively
सुविस्तरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसु-विस्तर

वैशग्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
M
Mṛtyu (Death, personified)
A
Arjuna (Jiṣṇu, Dhanaṃjaya)
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmaputra)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the inevitability of mortality and the fragility of worldly reliance: even the strongest hero can fall. Ethically, it highlights the weight of responsibility and attachment—how a leader’s hope and stability can be shaken when those he depends upon collapse.

Vaiśaṃpāyana narrates Yudhiṣṭhira’s reaction on seeing Arjuna lying on the ground as if dead. Overwhelmed, Yudhiṣṭhira laments at length, interpreting Arjuna’s fall as the destruction of his own hope.