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Shloka 55

इन्द्रजिद्-लक्ष्मणयुद्धम्

Indrajit and Lakṣmaṇa: Escalation through Concealment

ततो<भ्यधावतां वीरावुभौ भीमधनंजयौ । हताश्व॑ं सैन्धवं भीतमेकं व्याकुलचेतसम्‌,तत्पश्चात्‌ वे दोनों वीर भीम और अर्जुन जयद्रथके पीछे दौड़े। वह अकेला तो था ही, घोड़ोंके मारे जानेसे अत्यन्त भयभीत भी हो गया था। उसके हृदयमें व्याकुलता छा गयी थी

tato 'bhyadhāvatāṃ vīrāv ubhau bhīmadhanañjayau | hatāśvaṃ saindhavaṃ bhītam ekaṃ vyākulacetasam ||

Vaiśaṃpāyana said: Thereafter the two heroes, Bhīma and Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), rushed in pursuit. Jayadratha of Sindhu, now without his horses, found himself alone and overwhelmed by fear; his mind became agitated and unsteady. The passage underscores how wrongful action and sudden loss of support can swiftly turn confidence into panic, while the pursuers act with resolute purpose to confront the offender.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय
अभ्यधावताम्the two ran towards/pursued
अभ्यधावताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootधाव् (धावति) उपसर्ग: अभि
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, द्विवचन
वीरौtwo heroes
वीरौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन
भीमBhima
भीम:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (नाम)
धनंजयौthe two Dhananjayas / (intended) Arjuna
धनंजयौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (नाम; पाठानुसार द्विवचनरूपम्)
हताश्वम्whose horses were slain / horse-less
हताश्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहत + अश्व (अश्व)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
सैन्धवम्the Sindhava (Jayadratha)
सैन्धवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्धव
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
भीतम्frightened
भीतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत (√भी)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
एकम्alone, single
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
व्याकुलचेतसम्with an agitated mind
व्याकुलचेतसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्याकुल + चेतस्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
B
Bhīma
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
S
Saindhava (Jayadratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral psychology of conflict: when one commits an offense and loses external supports (here, horses and protection), fear and mental agitation arise quickly; in contrast, those pursuing justice act with steadiness and resolve.

Bhīma and Arjuna charge after Jayadratha. Jayadratha, identified as the Saindhava, has had his horses killed and is left alone; frightened, he becomes mentally distressed as the two Pāṇḍava heroes close in.