Shloka 31
Karma, Preta-gati, and the Continuity of Phala
Mārkaṇḍeya’s Instruction
Devanagari script
युधिछिर उवाच जातिरत्र महासर्प मनुष्यत्वे महामते | संकरात् सर्ववर्णानां दुष्परीक्ष्येति मे मति:,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--महासर्प! महामते! मनुष्योंमें जातिकी परीक्षा करना बहुत ही कठिन है; क्योंकि इस समय सभी वर्णोका परस्पर संकर (सम्मिश्रण) हो रहा है, ऐसा मेरा विचार है
Translation
Yudhiṣṭhira said: “O great serpent, O wise one! Among human beings it is exceedingly difficult to determine birth-based category, for in this age all the varṇas are intermingling with one another. Such is my view.”
Word by Word
युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
जातिःcaste; birth-class
जातिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजाति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अत्रhere; in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
महासर्पO great serpent
महासर्प:
TypeNoun
Rootमहासर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मनुष्यत्वेin human society; among humans
मनुष्यत्वे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्यत्व
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
महामतेO great-minded one
महामते:
TypeNoun
Rootमहामति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संकरात्from intermixture; due to mixing
संकरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसंकर
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
सर्ववर्णानाम्of all the varṇas/classes
सर्ववर्णानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्ववर्ण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दुष्परीक्ष्याhard to examine/ascertain
दुष्परीक्ष्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्परीक्ष्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
मतिःopinion; thought
मतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes