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Shloka 1

Aṣṭāvakra–Kahoda Upākhyāna: Śvetaketu’s Āśrama, Sarasvatī, and the Origin of Aṣṭāvakra

हि आय न () है > 'प्रभास' की जगह 'हाटक' पाठभेद भी मिलता है। एकत्रिशदाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: राजा उशीनरद्वारा बाजको अपने शरीरका मांस देकर शरणमें आये हुए कबूतरके प्राणोंकी रक्षा करना श्येन उवाच धर्मात्मानं त्वाहुरेकं सर्वे राजन्‌ महीक्षित: । सर्वधर्मविरुद्ध त्वं कस्मात्‌ कर्म चिकीर्षसि,तब बाजने कहा--राजन्‌! समस्त भूपाल केवल आपको ही धर्मात्मा बताते हैं। फिर आप यह सम्पूर्ण धर्मोंसे विरुद्ध कर्म कैसे करना चाहते हैं। महाराज! मैं भूखसे कष्ट पा रहा हूँ और कबूतर मेरा आहार नियत किया गया है। आप धर्मके लोभसे इसकी रक्षा न करें। वास्तवमें इसे आश्रय देकर आपने धर्मका परित्याग ही किया है

śyena uvāca | dharmātmānaṃ tv āhur ekaṃ sarve rājan mahīkṣitaḥ | sarvadharmaviruddhaṃ tvaṃ kasmāt karma cikīrṣasi ||

The hawk said: “O King, all the rulers of the earth proclaim you alone to be truly righteous. Why, then, do you wish to perform an act that runs contrary to every principle of dharma? I am tormented by hunger, and this pigeon has been appointed as my food. Do not protect it out of greed for merit. In truth, by granting it refuge you have abandoned dharma itself.”

श्येनःthe hawk
श्येनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मात्मानम्righteous-souled (person)
धर्मात्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वाyou
त्वा:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
आहुःthey call/say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
एकम्alone/only
एकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
महीक्षितःkings/rulers of the earth
महीक्षितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहीक्षित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वधर्मविरुद्धम्contrary to all dharmas
सर्वधर्मविरुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वधर्मविरुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
कस्मात्from what reason?/why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormAblative, Singular
कर्मdeed/action
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चिकीर्षसिyou wish to do
चिकीर्षसि:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada, Desiderative (san): चिकीर्ष-

श्येन उवाच

Ś
Śyena (hawk)
K
King (rājan; identified in this episode as King Uśīnara/Śibi in the broader narrative)
M
mahīkṣitaḥ (kings, as a collective)
P
pigeon (kapota; implied by the episode context)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic dharma-conflict: protecting a refugee (the pigeon) versus not harming another being’s rightful sustenance (the hawk). It highlights that dharma is not merely reputation or sentiment; it demands careful balancing of competing claims and responsibilities.

A pigeon has sought refuge with the king, and a hawk pursues it as prey. The hawk challenges the king’s famed righteousness, arguing that saving the pigeon violates dharma because it deprives the hawk of its ordained food and causes it suffering from hunger.