Shloka 79
Adhyaya 32: Saṃjaya’s Return, Audience with Dhṛtarāṣṭra, and Ethical Admonition
षडिमान् पुरुषो जह्याद् भिन्नां नावमिवार्णवे | अप्रवक्तारमाचार्यमनधीयानमृत्विजम्,उपदेश न देनेवाले आचार्य, मन्त्रोच्चारण न करनेवाले होता, रक्षा करनेमें असमर्थ राजा, कटु वचन बोलनेवाली स्त्री, ग्राममें रहनेकी इच्छावाले ग्वाले तथा वनमें रहनेकी इच्छावाले नाई--इन छःको उसी भाँति छोड़ दे, जैसे समुद्रकी सैर करनेवाला मनुष्य छिद्रयुक्त नावका परित्याग कर देता है
ṣaḍ imān puruṣo jahyād bhinnāṁ nāvam ivārṇave | apravaktāram ācāryam anadhīyānam ṛtvijam | arakṣitāram rājānaṁ kaṭuvādinīṁ striyam | grāmavāsābhikāmaṁ gopaṁ vanavāsābhikāmaṁ nāpitam ||
Vidura says: A man should abandon these six, just as one abandons a leaking boat in the ocean—a teacher who does not instruct; a priest who does not study and therefore cannot rightly recite the mantras; a king who cannot protect; a wife who speaks harshly; a cowherd who longs to live in the village instead of tending his charge; and a barber who longs to live in the forest instead of serving society in his proper place. The ethical point is that roles and relationships stand upon competence and dharma; when they become structurally unfit, clinging to them brings danger and decline.
विदुर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Dharma is functional as well as moral: roles like teacher, priest, king, and spouse must uphold their defining duties. When a relationship or office becomes fundamentally unfit—like a leaking boat at sea—one should not cling out of sentiment, because it endangers one’s welfare and undermines social order.
In Udyoga Parva, Vidura offers counsel (Vidura-nīti) during the tense pre-war negotiations. Here he gives a pointed list of six ‘unserviceable’ dependences—teacher, priest, king, wife, cowherd, barber—using the ocean-and-leaking-boat image to stress timely discernment and self-preservation within dharma.