Shloka 21
Adhyāya 20 — Rājadharma Argument for Paternal Inheritance and Timely Conciliation
Devanagari script
ते भवन्तो यथाधर्म यथासमयमेव च । प्रयच्छन्तु प्रदातव्यं मा व: कालो5त्यगादयम्
Translation
Therefore, act in accordance with dharma and at the proper time; grant what ought to be granted. Do not let this fair opportunity slip from your hands. So give the Pāṇḍavas half the kingdom—the share that must be theirs—lest time pass you by.
Word by Word
तेthey / those (you people)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भवन्तःyou (honorific), gentlemen
भवन्तः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाaccording to, as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यथाaccording to, as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
समयम्agreement, pledge, stipulated time
समयम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसमय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
प्रयच्छन्तुlet them give, may they grant
प्रयच्छन्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + यम्
FormImperative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
प्रदातव्यम्what ought to be given / the due gift
प्रदातव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerbal adjective (gerundive)
Rootप्र + दा
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
वःof you / your
वः:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Plural
कालःtime, opportunity
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अत्यगात्may (it) not pass by / may it not go beyond
अत्यगात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति + गम्
FormAorist (simple past), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अयम्this
अयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes