Shloka 46

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 123 — Bhīṣma–Droṇa–Vidura Upadeśa to Duryodhana

Keśava-vākya aftermath

Devanagari script

न चैते तव पर्याप्ता ज्ञाने धर्मार्थयोस्तथा

Transliteration

na caite tava paryāptā jñāne dharmārthayos tathā

Translation

And these words (or arguments) of yours are not sufficient either, when it comes to true understanding—whether of dharma or of artha (practical interest and policy).

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तव: of you / your
• तव: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• पर्याप्ताः: sufficient / adequate
• पर्याप्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर्याप्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ज्ञाने: in knowledge
• ज्ञाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• धर्मार्थयोः: of dharma and artha
• धर्मार्थयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Dual

• तथा: thus / likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Mere assertions are not enough: one must have adequate, well-grounded understanding to speak convincingly about both dharma (ethical right) and artha (practical policy and welfare).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Udyoga Parva’s deliberative setting, the speaker frames a critique: the other party’s reasoning is judged insufficient on the two key axes that guide action in the epic—moral duty (dharma) and pragmatic interest (artha).