Shloka 40
उतथ्योपदेशः—राजधर्मः, दर्पनिग्रहः, प्रजारक्षणम्
Utathya’s Instruction: Royal Dharma, Restraint of Pride, Protection of Subjects
Devanagari script
द्वावाददाते होकस्य द्वयो: सुबहवो5परे | कुमार्य: सम्प्रलुप्यन्ते तदाहुर्न॒ूपदूषणम्
Translation
When two men join together to seize the property of one, when many band together to plunder two, and when maiden girls are violated, then people say that the cause of all these crimes is a blemish that lies upon the king.
Word by Word
द्वौtwo (persons)
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
आददातेtake away / seize
आददाते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (आ + दा)
FormPresent, Third, Dual, Ātmanepada
एकस्यof one (person)
एकस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
द्वयःof two (persons)
द्वयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
सुबहवःvery many
सुबहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-बहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कुमार्यःmaidens / unmarried girls
कुमार्यः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुमारी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
सम्प्रलुप्यन्तेare violated / are ravished / are plundered
सम्प्रलुप्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootलुप् (सम् + प्र + लुप्)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Passive
तत्that (state/thing)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say / they call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
नृपदूषणम्a fault attributable to the king / king's blame
नृपदूषणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप-दूषण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
उतथ्य उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes