Shloka 23
Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)
Devanagari script
कच्चित् ते वणिजो राष्ट्रे नोद्विजन्ति करार्दिता: | क्रीणन्तो बहुनालल्पेन कान्तारकृतविश्रमा:
Translation
Bhishma said: “I trust the merchants in your realm are not distressed, crushed under the weight of taxes—those who buy goods at high or low prices and, for the sake of trade, travel through harsh and difficult regions.”
Word by Word
कच्चित्whether (indeed)?
कच्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित्
तेof you/your
ते:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वणिजःmerchants
वणिजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवणिज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राष्ट्रेin the kingdom
राष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
उद्विजन्तिare anxious/are distressed
उद्विजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद् + द्विज्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
करार्दिताःafflicted by taxes
करार्दिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकर + अर्दित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रीणन्तःbuying
क्रीणन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootक्री
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Present active participle (Parasmaipada)
बहुनाwith much (price/amount)
बहुना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अल्पेनwith little (price/amount)
अल्पेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअल्प
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
कान्तारकृतविश्रमाःhaving their rest made in wildernesses (i.e., resting in difficult tracts)
कान्तारकृतविश्रमाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकान्तार + कृत + विश्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes