Shloka 10
Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)
Devanagari script
संरक्ष्यान् पालयेद् राजा स राजा राजसत्तम: | ये केचित् तान् न रक्षन्ति तैर्थों नास्ति कश्चन
Translation
The king who shields and sustains those worthy of protection—he alone is the foremost of all rulers. But those kings who do not protect the fit objects of protection, of them the world has no need.
Word by Word
संरक्ष्यान्those who are to be protected
संरक्ष्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंरक्ष्य (√रक्ष् + सम्, ल्यप्/तव्यत्-समकक्ष कृदन्त; here used as gerundive/absolutive-like qualifying object)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पालयेत्should protect/maintain
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Root√पाल्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe/that (king)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजसत्तमःbest among kings
राजसत्तमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootराजसत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केचित्some (certain ones)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (किम्) + चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
रक्षन्तिprotect
रक्षन्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√रक्ष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेषाम्of them (of those kings)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अर्थःpurpose/need/use
अर्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कश्चनanyone/anything at all
कश्चन:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (किम्) + चन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes