Shloka 48

Mantri-Parīkṣā — Testing Ministers, Securing Counsel, and Ethical Criteria for Advisers (अध्याय ८४)

Devanagari script

स्वासु प्रकृतिषुच्छिद्रं लक्षयेरन्‌ परस्य च । मन्त्रिणां मन्त्रमूलं हि राज्ञो राष्ट्र विवर्धते

Transliteration

svāsu prakṛtiṣu cchidraṃ lakṣayeran parasya ca | mantriṇāṃ mantramūlaṃ hi rājño rāṣṭraṃ vivardhate ||

Translation

Bhishma said: “Let the king’s ministers keep a vigilant eye on the weaknesses and vulnerabilities within their own constituents and also within the enemy’s. For a king’s realm grows and prospers from the very root of counsel: the ministers’ deliberation and sound advice are the foundation on which the kingdom’s advancement rests.”

Word by Word

• {'svāsu': 'in one’s own

• among one’s own side', 'prakṛtiṣu': 'in the prakṛtis

• the constituent elements of a state (e.g., ministers, treasury, army, allies, territory/subjects)', 'cchidram': 'a flaw, weakness, vulnerability, breach', 'lakṣayeran': 'they should observe/mark, keep under notice', 'parasya': 'of the other

• of the enemy/opponent', 'ca': 'and', 'mantriṇām': 'of ministers

• counsellors', 'mantra': 'counsel, deliberation, strategic advice', 'mūlam': 'root, foundation', 'hi': 'indeed, for', 'rājñaḥ': 'of the king', 'rāṣṭram': 'kingdom, realm, state', 'vivardhate': 'grows, flourishes, increases'}

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• king (rājā)
• ministers (mantriṇaḥ)
• kingdom/state (rāṣṭra)
• enemy/opponent (para)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A kingdom’s strength depends on intelligent counsel: ministers must continuously identify vulnerabilities in the state’s own constituents and in the enemy, because wise deliberation is the root from which the realm’s prosperity grows.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma is advising the king on governance, emphasizing the strategic and ethical necessity of ministerial vigilance and sound counsel as the basis of state stability and growth.