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Shloka 10

Treasury Security, Protection of Informants, and the Kalakavṛkṣīya Exemplum (Śānti Parva 83)

स बुद्ध्वा तस्य राष्ट्रस्य व्यवसायं हि सर्वश: । राजयुक्तापहारांश्व सर्वान्‌ बुद्ध्वा ततस्ततः

sa buddhvā tasya rāṣṭrasya vyavasāyaṁ hi sarvaśaḥ | rājayuktāpahārāṁś ca sarvān buddhvā tataḥ tataḥ ||

Bhīṣma said: Having fully understood the entire functioning of that kingdom—its various occupations and administrative arrangements—and having also ascertained, from place to place, every instance of misappropriation of the king’s wealth by royal officials, the great sage, steadfast in an excellent vow, proclaimed himself to be all-knowing and came to meet the king, bringing that crow along with him.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्ध्वाhaving understood/known
बुद्ध्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
तस्यof that (kingdom)
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
राष्ट्रस्यof the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
व्यवसायम्activity/occupation/administrative business
व्यवसायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवसाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
सर्वशःentirely/in every way
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशस्
राजयुक्तconnected with the king; royal officials
राजयुक्त:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootराजयुक्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental (in compound usage with -आहारान्), Plural (semantic; agrees with implied agents)
अपहारान्thefts/embezzlements/acts of seizure
अपहारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपहार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बुद्ध्वाhaving ascertained
बुद्ध्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
ततःfrom there/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
ततःfrom there (here and there)
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
T
the king (rājā)
R
royal officials (rājayuktāḥ)
A
a great sage (maharṣi)
A
a crow (kāka)
T
the kingdom/state (rāṣṭra)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma is not only personal virtue but also active supervision of the state: understanding the realm’s workings and detecting misappropriation by officials. Ethical governance requires accountability for those who wield delegated royal power.

A vow-observing sage investigates the kingdom’s activities and uncovers instances where royal officers have stolen or diverted the king’s property. Claiming comprehensive knowledge, he approaches the king—bringing a crow—setting up a confrontation or counsel about administrative wrongdoing.