Shloka 30
राजधर्मः—प्रजापालनं दानयज्ञश्च
Royal Duty—Protection of Subjects, Generosity, and Sacrificial Discipline
Devanagari script
यदा कुलीनो धर्मज्ञ: प्राप्तोत्यैश्वर्यमुत्तमम् । योगक्षेमस्तदा राज्ञ: कुशलायैव कल्प्यते
Translation
When a noble-born person who knows dharma attains the highest authority at a king’s court—high office such as that of a minister—then the king’s yoga and kṣema, the gaining and safeguarding of prosperity, are fulfilled, bringing about the sound governance of his realm.
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
कुलीनःwell-born, of good family
कुलीनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुलीन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मज्ञःknower of dharma
धर्मज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तःhaving obtained / having reached
प्राप्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्up, forth (preverb)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्
ऐश्वर्यम्sovereignty, lordship, power
ऐश्वर्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऐश्वर्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्excellent, highest
उत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
योगक्षेमःacquisition and protection; welfare and security
योगक्षेमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयोगक्षेम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कुशलायfor well-being, for prosperity
कुशलाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootकुशल
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कल्प्यतेis arranged/ordained; is considered to be
कल्प्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootकॢप्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive/impersonal sense
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes