Shloka 16
अध्याय ७२ — राजधर्मः: प्रजारक्षण, कर-नीति, दण्ड-नीति, अमात्य-नियोजन
Chapter 72 — Royal Duty: protection of subjects, taxation, punishment, and appointments
Devanagari script
ऊधश्किन्द्यात् तु यो धेन्वा: क्षीरार्थी न लभेत् पय: । एवं राष्ट्रमयोगेन पीडितं न विवर्धते
Translation
Bhīṣma said: He who longs for milk yet cuts the cow’s udder will never obtain it. So too, a realm oppressed by improper means does not grow and cannot prosper.
Word by Word
ऊधःudder
ऊधः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऊधस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
किन्द्यात्should cut
किन्द्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृन्त्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धेन्वाःfrom the cow
धेन्वाः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
क्षीरार्थीdesiring milk
क्षीरार्थी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीरार्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
लभेत्would obtain
लभेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पयःmilk
पयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवम्thus/in the same way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
राष्ट्रम्the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अयोगेनby improper means/mismanagement
अयोगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअयोग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पीडितम्oppressed/afflicted
पीडितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपीडित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
विवर्धतेgrows/prospers
विवर्धते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविवृध्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes