Shloka 87
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
दण्डनीत्यां यदा राजा त्रीनंशाननुवर्तते । चतुर्थमंशमुत्सूज्य तदा त्रेता प्रवर्तते
daṇḍanītyāṁ yadā rājā trīn aṁśān anuvartate | caturtham aṁśam utsṛjya tadā tretā pravartate ||
Bhīṣma said: When a king, in administering daṇḍanīti (punishment and governance), follows only three parts and sets aside the fourth, then the Tretā age comes into operation. In that condition, the fourth part of inauspiciousness trails behind the three parts of merit; and on earth, food is produced through the ordinary acts of ploughing and sowing, and medicinal plants likewise arise in the same natural way.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma links the moral quality of governance (daṇḍanīti) with cosmic-social conditions: when a ruler’s administration embodies only three parts of righteousness and relinquishes the fourth, society shifts from the ideal Kṛta age toward Tretā, where a measurable portion of inauspiciousness accompanies merit.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on royal duty and social order, Bhīṣma explains to the listener how different yugas manifest. Here he describes the onset of Tretā-yuga in terms of the king’s practice of daṇḍanīti and the resulting mixed presence of merit and inauspiciousness, along with ordinary agricultural production.