Shloka 52
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
Devanagari script
चत्वरेष्वथ तीर्थेषु सभास्वावसथेषु च । यथार्थवर्ण प्रणिधिं कुर्यात् सर्वस्य पार्थिव:
Translation
The king should, in secret, appoint a man of pure varna and truthful conduct (not of mixed birth) as a spy, so that at crossroads, sacred tīrthas, assemblies, and dharma-resthouses he may learn the temper and intentions of all.
Word by Word
चत्वरेषुin crossroads/squares
चत्वरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचत्वर
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
अथand/also/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
तीर्थेषुat sacred places (tirthas)
तीर्थेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
सभासुin assemblies
सभासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसभा
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
आवसथेषुin lodgings/rest-houses
आवसथेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआवसथ
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
यथार्थवर्णof genuine/true varna (pure caste-status)
यथार्थवर्ण:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयथार्थवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रणिधिम्a spy/secret agent (an appointed observer)
प्रणिधिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रणिधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should appoint/should make
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्वस्यof everyone/of all
सर्वस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
पार्थिवःthe king
पार्थिवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes