Shloka 38
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
Devanagari script
क्षेत्रस्थेषु च सस्येषु शत्रोरुपजयेन्नरान् । विनाशयेद् वा तत् सर्व बलेनाथ स्वकेन वा
Translation
Bhīṣma said: “As for the grain standing in the enemy’s fields, one should sow dissension among his people so that they destroy it; or else, with the strength of one’s own army, one should ruin it all, so that the enemy comes to lack food and supplies.”
Word by Word
क्षेत्रस्थेषुin those situated in the fields
क्षेत्रस्थेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षेत्रस्थ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
सस्येषुin the crops/grains
सस्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसस्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
शत्रोःof the enemy
शत्रोः:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपजयेन्should cause to rise up/instigate
उपजयेन्:
TypeVerb
Rootउपजि
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नरान्men/people
नरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विनाशयेत्should destroy
विनाशयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलेनby force/with an army
बलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अथthen/otherwise
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
स्वकेनwith one's own
स्वकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वक
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes