Shloka 7
Cāturāśramya-dharma—Marks of the Four Āśramas (चातुराश्रम्यधर्मः)
Devanagari script
निर्मर्यादान् नित्यमर्थे निविष्टा- नाहुस्तांस्तान् वै पशुभूतान् मनुष्यान् । यथा नीति गमयत्यर्थयोगा- च्छेयस्तस्मादाश्रमात् क्षत्रधर्म:
Translation
Indra said: “Those who, casting off all bounds, remain ever absorbed in the pursuit of artha are called men who have become like beasts. But kṣatriya-dharma, while it secures artha, also bestows knowledge of excellent nīti; therefore it is superior even to the dharmas of the āśramas.”
Word by Word
निर्मर्यादान्boundary-less, transgressing limits
निर्मर्यादान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मर्याद (निर् + मर्यादा)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
अर्थेin wealth/means (artha)
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
निविष्टान्absorbed/engaged (having entered)
निविष्टान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि + √विश् (प्रवेशने) → निविष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√अह् (ब्रूवणे) / √अह (कथने) → आह (परस्मैपद)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural
तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those (same)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
पशुभूतान्become like beasts
पशुभूतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपशु + भूत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मनुष्यान्men/humans
मनुष्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यथाas/how
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
नीतिम्policy/right conduct
नीतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनीति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गमयतिcauses (one) to reach/understand
गमयति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√गम् (गतौ) (णिच्) → गमयति
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd, Singular
अर्थयोगात्from the connection with artha / from means of wealth
अर्थयोगात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थयोग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
श्रेयःthe good, welfare, higher good
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
आश्रमात्than/from the āśrama (stage of life)
आश्रमात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआश्रम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
क्षत्रधर्मःthe duty/law of the kṣatriya
क्षत्रधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
इन्द्र उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes