Shloka 4
Kṣātra-Dharma, Daṇḍanīti, and Social Order
Indra–Māndhātṛ Dialogue
Devanagari script
अपरे वचनै: पुण्यैर्वादिनो लोकनिश्चयम् । अनिश्चयज्ञा धर्माणामदृष्टन्ते परे हता:
Translation
Bhishma said: “There are other disputants who do not know the true principle of dharma; with pious-sounding words and clever arguments they shatter the people’s conviction. Then the hearers, finding no evident example before their eyes, go astray and come to ruin in the world to come.”
Word by Word
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वचनैःby words/speeches
वचनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
पुण्यैःpious/fair (seeming) / good
पुण्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
वादिनःdebaters/speakers
वादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकनिश्चयम्people's conviction/settled belief
लोकनिश्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोकनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनिश्चयज्ञाःnot knowing/uncertain about (true) ascertainment
अनिश्चयज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिश्चयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्माणाम्of dharmas / of duties / of righteousness
धर्माणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अदृष्टान्तेwhen/where there is no example (seen illustration)
अदृष्टान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअदृष्टान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परेin the other world / hereafter
परे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हताःruined/destroyed
हताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes