Shloka 40
Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)
Devanagari script
यथा खदिरमालम्ब्य शिलां वाप्यर्णवं तरन् मज्जेत मज्जतस्तद्वद् दाता यश्च प्रतिग्रही
Translation
As one who tries to cross the ocean leaning on khadira wood or a slab of stone sinks midway, so too do the giver and the receiver who act without due rite: both the yajamāna and the purohita are submerged.
Word by Word
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
खदिरम्khadira wood/log (acacia)
खदिरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootखदिर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आलम्ब्यhaving taken support of / leaning on
आलम्ब्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-लम्ब्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
शिलाम्a rock, stone slab
शिलाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिला
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अर्णवम्ocean
अर्णवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्णव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तरन्crossing (while trying to cross)
तरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
मज्जेतwould sink
मज्जेत:
TypeVerb
Rootमज्ज्
FormVidhi-ling (optative), Parasmaipada, 3rd, Singular
मज्जतःof one who is sinking
मज्जतः:
TypeVerb
Rootमज्ज्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
तद्वत्so, in the same way
तद्वत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्वत्
दाताgiver (donor)
दाता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
प्रतिग्रहीreceiver (one who accepts gifts)
प्रतिग्रही:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रहिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
व्यास उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes