Shloka 4
Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)
पहलेकी बात है एक समय बहुत-से व्रतपरायण तपस्वी ऋषि एकत्र हो प्रजापति राजा मनुके पास गये और उन बैठे हुए नरेशसे धर्मकी बात पूछते हुए बोले-- ।।
vyāsa uvāca | pūrvasya vārtāyām ekadā bahavo vrataparāyaṇā tapasvino ṛṣayaḥ sametya prajāpati-rājaṃ manuṃ upajagmuḥ | te tasmin upaviṣṭe nareśe dharmakathāṃ pṛcchanta ūcuḥ— katham annaṃ kathaṃ pātraṃ dānam adhyayanaṃ tapaḥ | kāryākāryaṃ ca yat sarvaṃ śaṃsa vai tvaṃ prajāpate ||
Vyasa said: Long ago, a great many ascetic sages—steadfast in vows—gathered together and went to King Manu, the Prajapati. Approaching the monarch as he sat in assembly, they questioned him about dharma and said: “O Prajapati, what truly counts as ‘food’ (worthy sustenance), and what kind of recipient-vessel is fit? What is the proper nature of giving, of sacred study, and of austerity? And what, in full, is to be done and what is not to be done—declare all this to us.”
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames dharma as a practical, teachable standard: one must know what is fit to consume/offer (anna), who is a fit recipient (pātra), and the right forms of giving, study, and austerity—along with clear boundaries between duty (kārya) and forbidden action (akārya).
A group of vow-keeping ascetic sages approaches King Manu, addressed as Prajapati, and formally requests instruction on ethical and religious fundamentals—especially the criteria for proper sustenance, worthy recipients, and disciplined practices.