Shloka 19
जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः
Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry
नेत्र आदि इन्द्रियाँ दर्शन आदि कार्योंके लिये हैं। मन संशय करता है और बुद्धि उस विषयका ठीक-ठीक निश्चय करनेके लिये है। क्षेत्रज्ञ (आत्मा)-को साक्षी बताया जाता है। भरतनन्दन! सत्त्व
yena paśyati tac cakṣuḥ śṛṇvatī śrotram ucyate | jighratī bhavati ghrāṇaṃ rasatī rasanā rasān ||
Bhīṣma said: “That by which one sees is called the eye; that by which one hears is called the ear. That which performs smelling becomes the nose, and that which tastes flavors is called the tongue. Thus the senses are defined by their functions; yet behind their activity stands the inner governance of mind (manas) and discernment (buddhi), with the Self (Ātman) as witness. The teaching points to ethical self-mastery: when buddhi is steadied, the senses serve right understanding rather than dragging one toward restless objects.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The senses are identified by their respective functions (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting), implying that sensory activity is instrumental and dependent; therefore one should cultivate inner governance—especially steady intellect—so that sense-activity supports discernment and dharma rather than impulsive attachment.
In Shanti Parva, Bhishma instructs Yudhishthira on inner constitution and self-control. Here he defines the sense-organs by their operations, as part of a broader explanation of how mind and intellect regulate the senses, with the Self as witness.