Shloka 2
यज्ञेऽहिंसा-प्राधान्यम्
Primacy of Non-Harm in Sacrificial Ethics
Devanagari script
छिन्नस्थूणं वृषं दृष्टवा विलापं च गवां भृशम् | गोग्रहे यज्ञवाटस्थ प्रेक्षमाण: स पार्थिव:
Translation
Once, in a sacrificial hall, the king saw a bull with its neck cut, and many cows wailing in bitter lament. In the courtyard of the rite, numerous cattle stood gathered. Seeing this, the king spoke—
Word by Word
छिन्न-स्थूणम्a cut/broken post (pillar)
छिन्न-स्थूणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछिन्न (√छिद्) + स्थूणा
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वृषम्bull
वृषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√दृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
विलापम्lamentation, wailing
विलापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविलाप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
भृशम्excessively, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
गो-गृहेin the cowshed
गो-गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो + गृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यज्ञ-वाट-स्थःstanding in the sacrificial enclosure
यज्ञ-वाट-स्थः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञ + वाट + स्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रेक्षमाणःlooking on, observing
प्रेक्षमाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√ईक्ष् (प्रेक्ष्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पार्थिवःthe king
पार्थिवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes