Shloka 42
Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman
Manu’s Instruction
Devanagari script
राजोवाच क्षत्रियो5हं न जानामि देहीति वचन क्वचित् । प्रयच्छ युद्धमित्येवंवादिन: स्मो द्विजोत्तम
Translation
The king said: “O best of the twice-born, I am a Kshatriya. I have never known how to beg by saying, ‘Give.’ If we are to ‘ask’ at all, we know only how to say: ‘Grant us battle.’”
Word by Word
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
जानामिI know
जानामि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
देहिgive (you)!
देहि:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
वचनम्a word/utterance
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्वचित्ever/at any time
क्वचित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित्
प्रयच्छgrant/give (you)!
प्रयच्छ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-यम्
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवम्in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
वादिनःspeakers/sayers
वादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्मःwe are
स्मः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, 1, Plural, Parasmaipada
द्विजोत्तमO best of the twice-born (brahmin)
द्विजोत्तम:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
ब्राह्मण उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes