Shloka 14

निरय-परमस्थान-वर्णनम्

Niraya and the Supreme Station: A Metaphysical Re-reading

Devanagari script

नित्यमेव सुखं स्वर्गे सुखं दुः:खमिहो भयम्‌ । नरके दुःखमेवाहु: सुखं तत्परमं पदम्‌

Transliteration

nityam eva sukhaṃ svarge sukhaṃ duḥkham iha u bhayam | narake duḥkham evāhuḥ sukhaṃ tat paramam padam ||

Translation

Bharadvāja said: “In heaven there is happiness alone, always. In this mortal world, both happiness and suffering are found. In hell, they say, there is only suffering. True happiness, however, is that supreme state—the highest abode (parama-pada), the Supreme Brahman.”

Word by Word

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य
• Form: Avyaya (adverb)

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (emphatic particle)

• सुखम्: happiness/pleasure
• सुखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• स्वर्गे: in heaven
• स्वर्गे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वर्ग
• Form: Masculine, locative, singular

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• दुःखम्: sorrow/pain
• दुःखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• इह: here (in this world)
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह
• Form: Avyaya (adverb)

• उभयम्: both (together)
• उभयम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उभय
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• नरके: in hell
• नरके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नरक
• Form: Masculine, locative, singular

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• एव: only/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: Avyaya (emphatic particle)

• आहुः: they say/call
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Present tense (Lat), 3rd person, plural; parasmaipada

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• परमम्: supreme
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

• पदम्: state/abode/goal
• पदम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद
• Form: Neuter, nominative, singular

Speaker

भरद्वाज उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bharadvāja
• Svarga (heaven)
• Naraka (hell)
• Paramam Padam (supreme abode/state)
• Brahman/Paramātman (implied by the gloss)