Shloka 30
बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account
On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics
Devanagari script
न प्रियं नाप्यनुक्रोशं चक्रुर्भूतेषु भारत । त्रीनुपायानतिक्रम्य दण्डेन रुरुधु: प्रजा:
Translation
Bhīṣma said: “O scion of Bharata, they did nothing to win the goodwill of beings, nor did they show compassion. Casting aside the three measures—conciliation, gifts, and division—they oppressed all peoples by punishment alone.”
Word by Word
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
प्रियम्what is pleasing / kindness
प्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नnor / not
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुक्रोशम्compassion
अनुक्रोशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनुक्रोश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चक्रुःthey did / they showed
चक्रुः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
भूतेषुamong beings
भूतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उपायान्means / strategies
उपायान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अतिक्रम्यhaving transgressed / having set aside
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
दण्डेनby punishment / by the rod
दण्डेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
रुरुधुःthey restrained / they confined
रुरुधुः:
TypeVerb
Rootरुध्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural
प्रजाःsubjects / people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
भरतनन्दनO delight of Bharata
भरतनन्दन:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतनन्दन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes