Shloka 4
Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation
सर्वरत्नानि राजा हि यथाईँ प्रतिपादयेत् । ब्राह्मणा एव वेदाश्व यज्ञाश्व बहुदक्षिणा: । अन्योन्यं विभवाचारा यजन्ते गुणत: सदा
sarvaratnāni rājā hi yathārhaṃ pratipādayet | brāhmaṇā eva vedāś ca yajñāś ca bahudakṣiṇāḥ | anyonyaṃ vibhavācārā yajante guṇataḥ sadā |
Bhīṣma said: A king should bestow all kinds of precious gifts in a manner befitting each recipient. For the Brāhmaṇas themselves embody the Vedas and the sacrifices—those rites that are accompanied by abundant sacrificial fees. Living and conducting their duties according to their respective means, they continually join together and perform sacrifices marked by true merit and excellence.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches rāja-dharma regarding dāna: a ruler should give valuable gifts appropriately (yathārham), recognizing that supporting learned Brāhmaṇas sustains Vedic study and the performance of yajñas, which uphold social and moral order.
In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on governance and ethics. Here he emphasizes the king’s duty to honor and support Brāhmaṇas with fitting gifts, since they maintain Vedic knowledge and conduct sacrifices—often collectively and according to their means.