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Shloka 21

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

प्रतिश्रुत्य प्रदातव्य: स्वकार्यस्तु बलात्कृत: । कोई नीच मनुष्य भी यदि दूसरोंकी कार्यसिद्धिकी इच्छासे धर्मके लिये भीख माँगने आवे तो उसे देनेकी प्रतिज्ञा कर लेनेपर अवश्य ही धनका दान देना चाहिये। इस प्रकार धनोपार्जन करनेवाला यदि कपटपूर्ण व्यवहार करता है तो वह दण्डका पात्र होता है || २० हे यः कश्रिद्‌ धर्मसमयात्‌ प्रच्युतो धर्मसाधन:

pratiśrutya pradātavyaḥ svakāryas tu balātkṛtaḥ | he yaḥ kaścid dharmasamāyāt pracyuto dharmasādhanaḥ ||

Bhīṣma said: If one has given a promise to give, one must indeed give; and one’s own business should not be carried out by coercion. Even if a lowly person comes to beg for the sake of dharma—seeking the accomplishment of another’s task—once you have pledged to give, you should certainly donate wealth. But one who acquires wealth through such dealings and then behaves deceitfully becomes deserving of punishment. And whoever departs from the agreed rule of dharma, abandoning the means of righteousness, falls from dharma.

प्रतिश्रुत्यhaving promised
प्रतिश्रुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिश्रु (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
प्रदातव्यःshould be given / must be given
प्रदातव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा (धातु)
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वकार्यःone's own task/duty (the act to be done by oneself)
स्वकार्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
बलात्by force / forcibly
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
कृतःdone/made
कृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
हेO! (vocative particle)
हे:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहे
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कश्चित्someone/anyone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मसमयात्from the agreement/compact of dharma (righteous convention)
धर्मसमयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मसमय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रच्युतःfallen away/deviated
प्रच्युतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-च्युत (from धातु च्यु/च्युत)
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मसाधनःone who practices/achieves dharma; a means/agent of dharma
धर्मसाधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मसाधन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma