Shloka 21

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

Devanagari script

तप: श्रेष्ठ प्रजानां हि मूलमेतन्न संशय: । कुटुम्बविधिनानेन यस्मिन्‌ सर्व प्रतिष्ठितम्‌

Translation

Austerity (tapas) is supreme for humankind—this is their very root, without doubt. And according to the rule of the householder’s dharma (gārhasthya), all austerity is established within this very gṛhastha-duty; tapas is the highest work.

Word by Word

• तपः: austerity, penance
• तपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• श्रेष्ठम्: best, supreme
• श्रेष्ठम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• प्रजानाम्: of creatures/subjects/people
• प्रजानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• मूलम्: root, source
• मूलम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कुटुम्ब-विधिना: by/according to the household rule (householder’s ordinance)
• कुटुम्ब-विधिना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुटुम्बविधि
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• अनेन: by this, through this
• अनेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• यस्मिन्: in which
• यस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• सर्वम्: all, everything
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतिष्ठितम्: established, founded, resting
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-स्था
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, passive/resultative

Speaker

अजुन उवाच