Shloka 20
Jaitrya-nimitta: Signs of Prospective Victory and the Priority of Conciliation (जयलक्षण-निमित्त तथा सान्त्व-प्रधान नीति)
Devanagari script
परस्परज्ञा: संहृष्टास्त्यक्तप्राणा: सुनिश्चिता: । अपि पज्चाशतं शूरा निध्नन्ति परवाहिनीम्
Translation
“Even fifty heroes—who know one another, are filled with joy and ardor, have cast off attachment to life, and are firmly resolved to kill or be killed—can destroy an entire enemy host.”
Word by Word
परस्परज्ञाःknowing one another, mutually acquainted
परस्परज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरस्परज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
संहृष्टाःdelighted, exhilarated
संहृष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्यक्तप्राणाःhaving abandoned attachment to life (lit. whose life is given up)
त्यक्तप्राणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्तप्राण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुनिश्चिताḥfirmly resolved, determined
सुनिश्चिताḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुनिश्चित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
पञ्चाशतम्fifty (as a group)
पञ्चाशतम्:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्चाशत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शूराःheroes, brave warriors
शूराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निघ्नन्तिslay, destroy
निघ्नन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परवाहिनीम्the enemy army (lit. opposing host)
परवाहिनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरवाहिनी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes