Shloka 4
शूरलक्षणवर्णनम् | Marks and Typologies of Martial Temperament
Devanagari script
सर्वशस्त्रेषु कुशला: सत्त्ववन्तो हुशीनरा: | प्राच्या मातड्रयुद्धेषु कुशला: कूटयोधिन:
Translation
The heroes of the land of the Uśīnaras are stout-hearted and mighty, skilled in every kind of weapon. The warriors of the eastern regions are adept in the art of fighting from the backs of elephants, and they also understand the stratagems of deceptive warfare (kūṭa-yuddha).
Word by Word
सर्वशस्त्रेषुin all weapons/arms
सर्वशस्त्रेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व-शस्त्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
कुशलाःskilled
कुशलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सत्त्ववन्तःpossessing strength/valor
सत्त्ववन्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्त्ववत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उशीनराःthe Ushinaras (people of Ushinara)
उशीनराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउशीनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राच्याःthe easterners (people of the east)
प्राच्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मातङ्ग-युद्धेषुin elephant-warfare/battles with elephants
मातङ्ग-युद्धेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमातङ्ग-युद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
कुशलाःskilled
कुशलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुशल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कूट-योधिनःdeceitful fighters; those who fight by stratagem
कूट-योधिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकूटयोधिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes