Shloka 13
उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः
Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment
Devanagari script
जलवांस्तृणवान् मार्ग: समो गम्य: प्रशस्यते । चारै: सुविदिताभ्यास: कुशलैर्वनगोचरै:
Translation
When marching to war, a route is praised if it is level and easy to traverse, and if water, fodder-grass, and the like are readily available. Skilled spies who range through the forests are usually well acquainted with the paths and approaches.
Word by Word
जलवान्having water, well-watered
जलवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजलवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तृणवान्having grass
तृणवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतृणवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मार्गःpath, route
मार्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समःlevel, even
समः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गम्यःpassable, traversable
गम्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगम्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रशस्यतेis praised/commended
प्रशस्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + शंस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive/Impersonal usage
चारैःby spies, by scouts
चारैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सुविदितwell-known, well-ascertained
सुविदित:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + विदित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभ्यासःpractice; familiarity; repeated acquaintance
अभ्यासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभ्यास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुशलैःby skilled (ones)
कुशलैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकुशल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वनगोचरैःby forest-roamers
वनगोचरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवनगोचर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes