Shloka 10

जनकस्य युद्धोपदेशः — Janaka’s Instruction on Steadfast Battle-Conduct

Devanagari script

य एवं व्यूहते राजा स नित्यं जयति द्विष: | तस्मादेवं विधातव्यं नित्यमेव युधिष्ठिर

Transliteration

ya evaṁ vyūhate rājā sa nityaṁ jayati dviṣaḥ | tasmād evaṁ vidhātavyaṁ nityam eva yudhiṣṭhira ||

Translation

Bhīṣma said: “A king who arrays his forces in this manner continually conquers his foes. Therefore, Yudhiṣṭhira, you should always make your dispositions in just this way.”

Word by Word

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• व्यूहते: arrays (troops), forms a battle-array
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यूह् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभावे क्रियाविशेषणवत्)

• जयति: conquers, wins
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु)
• Form: Present, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• द्विषः: enemies
• द्विषः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विष् (प्रातिपदिक; शत्रु-अर्थे)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तस्मात्: therefore, from that reason
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• विधातव्यम्: should be arranged/done
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + धा (धातु) → विधातव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; तव्यत्)
• Form: तव्यत्, Neuter, Nominative, Singular, ought to be done

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक; अव्ययीभावे क्रियाविशेषणवत्)

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• युधिष्ठिर: O Yudhishthira
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• rājā (the king)
• dviṣaḥ (enemies)
• vyūha (battle formation/array)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma teaches that disciplined, well-planned organization of forces (vyūha) is a standing duty of kingship: consistent strategic arrangement leads to sustained success against enemies, so a ruler should habitually maintain such preparedness.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira and concludes a point on military disposition: he states that a king who arrays his army properly wins regularly, and urges Yudhiṣṭhira to adopt the same practice.