Shloka 25
रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield
सव्ये5भूत् कृतवर्मा च त्रिगर्ती: परिवारित:
savye 'bhūt kṛtavarmā ca trigartīḥ parivāritaḥ | vyūhake vāma-bhāge trigartaiḥ parivāritaḥ kṛtavarmā sthitaḥ | dakṣiṇa-pārśve śaka-yavana-senayā saha kṛpācāryaḥ | pṛṣṭha-bhāge kāmbojaiḥ parivṛto 'śvatthāmā sthitaḥ |
Sañjaya said: On the left flank stood Kṛtavarmā, surrounded by the Trigartas. On the right side was Kṛpācārya, accompanied by the forces of the Śakas and Yavanas. And at the rear stood Aśvatthāmā, encircled by the Kāmbojas. Thus the Kaurava battle-array was set with seasoned commanders guarding its sides and back, revealing the grim resolve to sustain the war through disciplined formation and allied strength.
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the ethical weight of war as a disciplined, collective undertaking: commanders and allied groups are placed to protect the formation. It underscores how leadership, organization, and alliances can sustain conflict—raising the Mahābhārata’s recurring reflection that martial skill and strategic order do not by themselves guarantee righteousness (dharma), even when performed as kṣatriya duty.
Sañjaya describes the Kaurava troop disposition within a battle-array: Kṛtavarmā holds the left flank with the Trigartas, Kṛpācārya holds the right with Śaka and Yavana forces, and Aśvatthāmā guards the rear surrounded by Kāmbojas.