Shloka 39
अध्याय ४ — दुर्योधनस्य असंधि-निश्चयः
Duryodhana’s Refusal of Reconciliation
Devanagari script
प्रमुखस्थे तदा कर्णे बल॑ पाण्डवरक्षितम् | दुरासदं तदा गुप्तं व्यूढं गाण्डीवधन्चना
Translation
Then, as the battle with Karṇa raged, even with Karṇa standing in the forefront, the host guarded by the Pāṇḍavas became hard for him to overcome; for Arjuna, wielder of the Gāṇḍīva, was protecting it by deploying and holding a well-ordered battle formation (vyūha).
Word by Word
प्रमुखस्थेwhen (he) was in the forefront
प्रमुखस्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमुख-स्थ (प्रमुख + स्थ)
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
कर्णेwith respect to Karna / when Karna (was present)
कर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
बलम्the army/force
बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पाण्डव-रक्षितम्protected by the Pandavas
पाण्डव-रक्षितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्ष् (पाण्डव + रक्षित)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुरासदम्hard to assail / unapproachable
दुरासदम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरासद (दुर् + आसद)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
गुप्तम्guarded/protected
गुप्तम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुप्त (√गुप्/√गोप्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
व्यूढम्arrayed/formed in battle-order
व्यूढम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यूढ (वि + √वह्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गाण्डीव-धन्वनाby the wielder of the Gandiva bow (Arjuna)
गाण्डीव-धन्वना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगाण्डीवधन्वन् (गाण्डीव + धन्वन्)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes